Spanish American War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Spanish American War - Essay Example The two understandings made each side object the decisions that neglected to support their contention (Brinkley 56). This is regardless of the decision bodies’ goal which is to address history and guarantee that there will be no comparative cases in future or concealed hostility among the states in question. Court and revisionist translations have respected differing and clashing contentions with respect to the Spanish American War, where America brought about legitimizing its inclusion (Nunez 50). The part of Cuban embarrassment while under Spanish standard provoked reluctant America to be engaged with the war. America contended that they were definitely viewing the abominations Spanish rulers were executing in Cuba without thinking about the government assistance of the residents. At first, America was reluctant to intercede, yet because of steady arguing by its neighbors (Cuba), it had no other option. As indicated by America, it didn't expect to enjoy the war, however thei r inclusion exuded from the sinking of Maine war vessel. This infuriated the Americans who, because of political impacts, constrained William McKinley to a revolt. The possibility came at an advantageous time when they were wishing Cuban opportunity from the Spanish territory, which brought about the emission of a serious war. America guaranteed that its goals were true and implied best for the Cuban residents (Hernandez 7). Furthermore, court understanding contended that other than America’s philanthropic inclusion in the war, it likewise needed to help Cuba in accomplishing freedom. This was from the citizen’s early steady request before connecting with the Spanish protection from retaliate for the sinking of their war vessel. America expected Cuba to quit being a Spanish state where, through its maritime commitment, oversaw effectively to vanquish their rivals, consequently making Cubans beginning their excursion to freedom (Hernandez 11).

Attempting to Cheat Fate Essay Example For Students

Endeavoring to Cheat Fate Essay Would it ever appear to be sensible for a champ of the Nobel Prize in Literature to be related with a lord who kills his dad and reproduces with his mom? It is conceivable as a result of one citation by the 1921 Nobel Prize Literature victor Anatole France, that he is associated with the infamous lord Oedipus from Sophocles popular play, Oedipus Rex. It is just human instinct to think shrewdly and act absurdly (Anatole France) best embodies the topic in Sophocles Oedipus Rex: destiny can't be cheated nor modified. It is human to attempt to change destiny, which is a silly demonstration since it is difficult to do. This can be seen in numerous parts of the play including the specific circumstance and characters of the story and the hubris of the illustrious family; Jocasta, Lauis and Oedipus. Inside every one of these parts various artistic gadgets can be utilized to additionally clarify how the subject of the story identifies with the statement by Anatole France. A prime model can be found in the second Episode where Oedipus admits everything to Jocasta from the prescience to the occurrence when he killed a man like Lauis depiction. The pieces of his monolog that best delineate changing destiny and being stupid are when Oedipus says, And so obscure to mother and father I set out for Delphihe the prophet flashed before my eyes a future incredible with torment, terrorI can hear him cry, You are destined to couple with your motheryou will execute your dad, the man who gave you life! I heard all that and ranNow, Jocasta, I will reveal to all of you. Advancing to this triple intersection I started to see a messenger, at that point a support of colts drawing a wagon, and mounted on the bencha man, similarly as youve depicted himI strike him out of resentment! I slaughtered them every one of each mother child! This epitomizes the explanation that attempting to change destiny is stupid on the grounds that in endeavoring to evade his dreadful fate, he executes his own d ad. One may contend this is definitely not an all around considered model since Oedipus had no clue that one of the men he murdered on the junction was his dad. Then again, Oedipus didn't need to murder anybody; he let his annoyance control him. This thusly consistently drives an individual to disaster. Expressive lingual authority is utilized to improve the scene on the grounds that in old Greek theater, creative mind was the main outlet for visual delineations of the most grisly of scenes. One such scene is the point at which the dispatcher portrays Oedipus self-mutilation:He rips off her ornaments, the long gold pinsHolding her robes-and lifting the high,Looking straight up into the points,He burrows them down the attachments of his eyes, cryingHis voice like a lament, ascending, over and overraising the pins, raking them down his eyes. What's more, at each stroke blood sprays down the roots,splashing his facial hair a twirl of it, nerves and clumps dark hail of blood beating, spouting down. Due to this reality, the word decision has the ability to figure out what the watcher and peruser are imagining in their brain. An unmistakable model can be seen when Oedipus says, I am a detestation central core!. The utilization of plague is amusing on the grounds that Oedipus has made horrifying presences by coupling with his mom as opposed to being an evil entity himself. There are different characters in the play other than Oedipus who show that attempting to change predetermination is silly; one such character is Jocasta. The Queen of Thebes was informed that her child was bound to slaughter his dad and wed his mom. Jocasta attempted to swindle destiny by giving the baby to a shepard to slaughter. Since she didn't carry out the responsibility herself the kid stayed alive to inevitably return to her as her subsequent spouse. Jocasta is the image for joyful obliviousness since she endeavors to remain unintelligent until the anagnorisis when she runs into her chambers and hangs herself yet and, after its all said and done she never says reality. Another character that endeavors to change destiny is Lauis. Like his better half, Jocasta, Lauis doesn't include himself with the killing of his child and due to his absence of contribution Oedipus had the option to execute him. One may state that these are on the whole fortuitous events and how could Jocasta be accused for not knowing data. Anyway Jocasta knew that Oedipus had a prediction about executing his dad and wedding his mom and she herself had a similar prescience. This can be seen when Oedipus says in his monolog, I can hear him cry, You are destined to couple with your mom you will bring a variety of youngsters into the light no man can stand to see-you will execute your dad, the person who gave you life! what's more, when Jocasta says on page 208, Apollo was unequivocal: my child was destined to murder my better half Jocasta, Lauis and Oedipus were not all associated through blood but rather additionally through their defect, hubris. Since Lauis kicked the bucket even before the play begins his hubris is less obvious. This considers the attention to be on Jocasta and Oedipus on the grounds that them two were amazingly fundamental to the result of the play. Both Jocasta and Oedipus were prideful in light of the fact that they felt that they could swindle the divine beings who were the vendors of destiny. In old Greece, the divine beings disapproved of mortal people who imagined that they were equivalent to the interminable occupants of Mt. Olympus. Oedipus, being the hero was marginally more prideful than his mom since he voiced his supposition about the divine beings more than she. One model is when Oedipus says in the first Episode, You go to the Gods? Let me answer your supplications. Come, hear me out do what the plague requests: youll discover alleviation and lift your head from the profundities. This shows Oedipus feels that he is higher than the divine beings when in fact he is lower than the most reduced positions since he fathered offspring of inbreeding. A case of Jocastas hubris can be seen when she says, So much for prediction. Its beside the point. From this day on, I wouldnt look right or left. At the point when Jocasta says this she calls the divine beings nests since they are the creatures that tell the prophet what's to come. .u79852bac51e27b0be523b45011ad83a6 , .u79852bac51e27b0be523b45011ad83a6 .postImageUrl , .u79852bac51e27b0be523b45011ad83a6 .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u79852bac51e27b0be523b45011ad83a6 , .u79852bac51e27b0be523b45011ad83a6:hover , .u79852bac51e27b0be523b45011ad83a6:visited , .u79852bac51e27b0be523b45011ad83a6:active { border:0!important; } .u79852bac51e27b0be523b45011ad83a6 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u79852bac51e27b0be523b45011ad83a6 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u79852bac51e27b0be523b45011ad83a6:active , .u79852bac51e27b0be523b45011ad83a6:hover { haziness: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u79852bac51e27b0be523b45011ad83a6 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: re lative; } .u79852bac51e27b0be523b45011ad83a6 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enhancement: underline; } .u79852bac51e27b0be523b45011ad83a6 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u79852bac51e27b0be523b45011ad83a6 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content improvement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u79852bac51e27b0be523b45011ad83a6:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u79852b ac51e27b0be523b45011ad83a6 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u79852bac51e27b0be523b45011ad83a6-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u79852bac51e27b0be523b45011ad83a6:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Sociology - The Comparative Method Essay Sophocles Oedipus Rex is a play about mankinds dependence for the craving to be in charge of destiny. This can be found in Oedipus running from Corinth and Jocasta sending her child to be executed. Anatole Frances citation, It is just human instinct to think carefully and act stupidly puts the human shortcoming of deduction with his brain however carrying on what is in his heart in a very succinct way. Abstract gadgets are a key pointer of where the creator makes his significant focuses. One such abstract gadget is the utilization of destiny as a theme in the story. Another model i s the utilization of expression to give the peruser a distinctive and centered image of what's going on. By taking a gander at these little signs and the characters in the play and the setting of the play we can see that the control of destiny is really the disastrous imperfection of human instinct.

Common Obsessive Behaviors Among People With OCD

Common Obsessive Behaviors Among People With OCD OCD Print Common Obsessive Behaviors Among People With OCD By Owen Kelly, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 19, 2019 Image Source/Getty Images More in OCD Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Types Living With OCD Related Conditions A key  symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder  (OCD)  is  compulsions. Compulsions are obsessive behaviors that are done in response to an obsessive thought. You repeat these behaviors over and over again, possibly for hours on end, in order to relieve your anxiety. Even though you may feel driven to engage in these behaviors, you probably dont want to. Though the behaviors do lessen the negative feelings of anxiety, guilt or fear temporarily, they take a lot of your time and may significantly impact your quality of life. Common Obsessive Behaviors Common obsessive behaviors, or compulsions, among people with OCD include: Repeatedly checking to make sure that doors and windows are locked or that appliances are turned off. Some individuals with OCD have to check their neighborhood to make sure they have not hit someone with their car or assaulted someone.Excessive cleaning of the house, clothes and/or body.Counting objects, letters, words or just about anything.Doing routine activities repeatedly, like standing up or going up and down the stairs.Requesting or demanding reassurance from family members or health care providers, such as Have I molested someone? or My hands should be clean now, right?Repeating phrases or sequences of words either out loud or in your mind.Rearranging objects to ensure a specific order and/or symmetry.Doing things in multiples. For instance, turning the light on and off five times because five is a good number.Trying to stay out of situations that might trigger compulsions. Obsessions: The Thoughts Behind Compulsions Obsessions  are the other half of obsessive-compulsive disorder, the part that causes the compulsions, or obsessive behaviors. Obsessions involve thoughts, feelings and mental images that can seem like they are taking over your mind. They may cause you to feel a terrible lack of control, as well as significant anxiety, fear, disgust and/or guilt. Common Obsessions Common obsessions among people with OCD include: A fear of contamination, such as germs, viruses, body fluids, animals, diseases, chemicals or dirt.Fear of losing control of yourself by acting on thoughts or impulses, such as harming someone, stealing, blurting out swear words or becoming violent.Fear of accidentally hurting someone else because of something you did or forgot to do, such as not cleaning up water that you spilled and causing someone to slip and fall.Unwanted sexual obsessions, thoughts or images about children, incest, homosexuality, and/or aggressiveness.Worry about offending God or about living a moral enough life.Fear of contracting a particular illness like cancer or diabetes.Fear of losing or forgetting something important.Worry about how straight or even objects are.An inability to make decisions on what to keep and what to throw away.A fixation on certain numbers and/or colors being good/correct or bad/incorrect. Common Cognitive Distortions in OCD Treatments Obsessive behaviors can often be dramatically reduced using behavior therapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or  exposure and response prevention  therapy (ERP). Medications  such as  selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors  (SSRIs) like  Prozac (fluoxetine),  Luvox (fluvoxamine),  Paxil (paroxetine hydrochloride)  or  Zoloft (sertraline) may also be helpful. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Breast Cancer A Form Of Cancer - 1373 Words

In this paper I will be addressing breast cancer. Breast cancer is a form of cancer that affects the cells of the breast. This happens when cells in the breast grow abnormally. It can spread to nearby tissues and lymph nodes. This cancer can affect bones, liver, and even your brain. All women and men are at risk for breast cancer. It can affect people of every age, race, and ethnic group. Between the ages of 40 and 50, African American women have a higher chance of receiving breast cancer. The ultimate impact of breast cancer is death. Breast cancer is the 2nd leading cause of death in women. There are multiple risk factors dealing with breast cancer. Being a female in general is one but men can get breast cancer too but it’s very rare. Risk factors include having a family member with breast cancer, age, having your first child at 35 or older, getting your period early as in 12 or before, reaching menopause after the age of 55, having received chest radiation, being overweight especially in the waist, having personal history of cancer in one breast, or carrying the breast cancer gene BRCA1 or BRCA2. Everyone has the genes BRCA1 or BRCA2. In inherited cases, these two genes are abnormal. They help maintain the breast cells to grow natural and repair cell damage. If the genes have mutations they are passed from generation to generation. Having an abnormal BRCA1 or BRCA2 doesn’t directly mean you will get breast cancer. SNP’s (single nucleotide polymorphisms) are linked toShow MoreRelatedBreast Cancer : The Most Common Form Of Cancer1384 Words   |  6 Pages This paper will inform you of Breast Cancer. It is the most common form of cancer in women today but thanks to medical advances it is no longer the number one killer of women. The medical world has made some huge advances in diagnosing breast cancer and because of that, it has given women everywhere a fighting chance. Even with Breast Self-Exams (BSE) and Mammography it is still prevalent today. I will take you through the journey from finding the first lump, diagnosis, therapy, and finally theRead MoreBreast Cancer : The Most Common Form Of Cancer937 Words   |  4 PagesBreast Cancer is the most common form of cancer found in women in the United states and is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Although it is more common in women, men can also develop breast cancer as it forms through cells in the breast. As stated by the cancer center of America â€Å"The milk-producing ducts and glands are the two most likely areas to develop cancerous cells.† This is why it is most common in females, as males lack the ducts and glands that women have making them moreRead MoreBreast Cancer : A Common And Potentially Fatal Form Of Cancer1504 Word s   |  7 PagesBreast cancer is a common and potentially fatal form of cancer that affects both men and women. Different patients are given different types of treatment depending on their stage. There are also steps that people can take to not only detect, but also to prevent being affected by breast cancer. Breast cancer treatments have made great leaps forward, allowing both genders to have expectations of victory over the disease. Although breast cancer today has affected many lives among females and males,Read MoreAlternative Forms Of Medicine For Breast Cancer Rates775 Words   |  4 PagesContext Breast cancer rates are continuously on the rise, and improvements in diagnostic technology have made it possible for patients to undergo treatment as early as possible in attempt for a higher survival rate. However, conventional treatments such as radiation and chemotherapy leave patients weak, fatigued, and often depressed. Alternative forms of medicine are being sought out to p rovide a better experience for these breast cancer patients. This systematic review examines the effects of twoRead MoreBreast Cancer Essay993 Words   |  4 Pages Breast cancer’s a group of cells that are cancer cells called malignant. Malignant is a tumor, which starts in parts of the breast. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death for women but not as bad of a death for men. Males or females, are born with some breast cells and tissues that have the possibility to turn into cancer cells. (â€Å"Definition.†) Any type of cancer begins in the cells. The cells are the basic building blocks that’ll make the tissue. If the process of cell growth goesRead MoreBreast Cancer Prevention and Education Essay1695 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the American Cancer Society, â€Å"Breast cancer is the common disease of women in the United States, other than skin cancer.† After lung cancer, it is the leading secondary cause of cancer death in women. It helps to have some basic facts about the normal makeup of the breasts to understand breast cancer. In the past, this disease was one of the most feared forms of cancer due to its fatality rate and because complete recovery often required breast removal. The best way to fight this diseaseRead MoreEssay Breast Cancer961 Words   |  4 PagesBreast cancer is everywhere. The pink ribbons, the â€Å"I heart boobies† bracelets, and the thousands of breast cancer walks all over the United States. These all contribute to breast cancer o rganizations. Over one hundred million dollars has been raised to support breast cancer. This may not seem serious by the promotions and jokes that these organizations pull support from, but don’t forget the millions of people who have breast cancer. Breast cancer affects, approximately, an eighth of all AmericanRead MoreLeah Wyrick. Ms. Basinger. Ap Language And Composition.1685 Words   |  7 PagesLeah Wyrick Ms. Basinger AP Language and Composition 12 May 2017 Breast Cancer Breast cancer is a disease in which most commonly occurs in all women no matter their size, shape, race, or ethnicity. About one in eight women will be diagnosed with breast cancer every year, a fatal disease if not discovered early. Early detection of breast cancer is key so that cancerous cells found in the breast do not spread through other parts of the body. On a positive note, however, significant advances have beenRead MoreHuman Epidermal Growth Factor ( Her2 )1153 Words   |  5 Pagesepidermal growth factor (HER2) is a specialised protein that has the ability to control the growth and spread of certain cancers. Breast cancer is defined as HER2 positive (HER2+) when there is an extremely high level of HER2 receptors present within the cancerous tumour of the breast tissue (Macmillan, 2013). 1.2 Aims and objectives This report aims to give an overview on breast cancer focusing on the HER2+ sub-type of the disease; it includes an overview of aetiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology,Read MoreBreast Cancer : A Disease1737 Words   |  7 PagesWyrick 1 Leah Wyrick Ms. Basinger AP Language and Composition 12 May 2017 Breast Cancer Breast cancer is a disease in which most commonly occurs in all women no matter their size, shape, race, or ethnicity. About one in eight women will be diagnosed with breast cancer every year, a fatal disease if not discovered early. Early detection of breast cancer is key so that cancerous cells found in the breast do not spread through other parts of the body. On a positive note, however, significant advances

Article Summary Effect Of Violent Video Games On Youth...

Article Summary: Effect of Violent Video Games on Youth Aggression Beth L. Lynch APUS October 8, 2014 Abstract For many years researchers, parents, and policy makers have been debating the effect of video game violence on levels of youth aggression. In effect, the arguments have been centered on whether or not exposure to violent media has the power to potentiate violence in children, and whether or not this social influence has the ability, barring all other factors, to engender violent behavior in an otherwise healthy child. Unfortunately, much of the research dedicated to this topic has resulted in mixed outcomes. Therefore, a general consensus on the relative influence of exposure to interactive media, in the form of violent video games, and its association with aggressive behavior has yet to be determined. For instance, Anderson, Sakamoto, Gentile et al. (2008) contend that increased levels of aggression associated with playing violent video games have not only been shown as causal in large segments of the population, they also contend that these correlations are irrefutable. Conve rsely, others have concluded that any associations made between video game violence and youth aggression are weak at best, and contend that any correlation between the two will only affect adolescents who may already be predisposed to violent behavior (Ferguson, 2011). Due to inconsistencies in the available research on violent video games and player aggression, andShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Violent Video Games Essay1685 Words   |  7 Pages Since violent video games, like Mortal Kombat, were created, adolescents who play these games become more aggressive than before. To me, playing violent video games is unsafe for these people since they have the negative influence on these people. I believe that researching on that topic would help us get the sense of what problems to avoid. I wish to know what are the possible effects of violent video games on adolescents’ aggression. The independent variable is violent video games, and theRead MoreViolence Portrayed By The Me dia Essay1101 Words   |  5 PagesSummary of Literature An overview of the literature discusses the influence media portrays on adolescents. Some propose that the authors are projecting that the youth are negatively effected by the media. Others, however, believe that violence portrayed by the media does not have any real long-term effects on the well being on youths. The three articles selected consider their evidence for this controversial subject. According to Anderson, the discussion on whether or not media has a negativeRead MoreViolence of Video Games Essay1204 Words   |  5 Pageseither kill you, or become very harmful to your well being if you consume too much of it. We could certainly compare the â€Å"overconsumption† of video games with violence to the above with added danger. The fact that video games are addictive as can be seen by anyone with experience of playing or the people in our lives who fell under the spell of video games. Obviously, they get absorbed and obsessed over the virtual world and sometimes forge t their responsibilities and obligations. The virtual worldRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Youth s Social And Communal Activities1231 Words   |  5 Pagesexperiment to examine the effect of video games on youth’s social and communal activities. The results showed that the youth that have ever played some social video games had more social and political capability than people who never played social video games. Among young gamers, 63% people have heard or seen â€Å"people becoming mean and more aggressive while playing violent games†, 49% people have heard or seen â€Å"people becoming hateful, racist and violent while playing violent games† and more people, 78%Read MoreProtecting Children from Television Violence Essays1405 Words   |  6 PagesSummary #1 Television violence, and media violence in general, has been a controversial topic for several years. The argument is whether young children are brainwashed into committing violent real-world crimes because of violent and pugnacious behavior exposed in mass media. In his article â€Å"No Real Evidence for TV Violence Causing Real Violence†, Jonathan Freedman, a professor of psychology at the University of Toronto and author of â€Å"Media Violence and Its Effect on Aggression: Assessing the ScientificRead MoreNegative Effects Of Violent Video Games1045 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Violent video games in particular are extremely popular in the United States. Many of these games are designed for adults but wind up in the hands of children. We have to ask ourselves what impact violent video games have on the adolescent brain. Two lawyers debate in the Case of Brown vs. Entertainment Merchants Association, US Supreme Court (2010). Prosecutor Steven F. Gruel argues that there is a substantial amount of evidence to make the conclusion that violent video games cause adolescentsRead MoreAre Violent Video Games Are Harmful To Children And Adolescents?1729 Words   |  7 PagesTaking Sides: Violent Video Games There has been a long-standing debate that violent video games are harmful to the rising generations. The article that was selected to be critiqued is, â€Å"Are Violent Video Games Harmful to Children and Adolescents?†. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and critique the research methods and conclusions included by the author of the article. Summary Author, Steven F. Gruel, argues that there is an overwhelming amount of science and research that supports theRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography - 5905 Words   |  4 PagesRosalyn De Leon Annotated Bibliography Gentile, Douglas A. et al (2004). The effects of violent video game habits on adolescent hostility, aggressive behaviors, and school performance. Retrieved October 4, 2010, from pdfcast.org: http://pdfcast.org/pdf/the-effects-of-violent-video-game-habits-on-adolescent-hostility-aggressive-behaviors-and-school-performance Dr Douglas A. Gentile is a researcher who studies the effects of media on children and adults, may it be positive or negative. He has a MediaRead MoreViolent Video Games And Violence1203 Words   |  5 PagesAre violent video games directly correlated to teen violence? This is the burning question many researchers are dedicated to answering. The common form of the question is â€Å"Is the increase in violence in games creating killer kids?† The simple answer is no. Instead the opposite has occurred, as games became more violent, the players became calmer. The games create a â€Å"safe† outlet for any anger or angst that young people possess. Crime rates in the teen population have lowered and violent teens admitRead MoreThe Effects Of Computer Games On Society3332 Words   |  14 Pagesviolence in computer games has a direct link to violence in the society. It starts by looking into the definition of a violence and the type of violence that are common in our society t oday. The essay looks into the prevalence of and exposure to computer games in the modern society. It went further to investigate the impacts of computer games as an entertaining and recreational medium. In order to do justice to the aforementioned controversy between violence in computer games and violence in the society

The Classical Economists and Keynes the Debate on...

The activist-nonactivist discussion, and the role the government should play in forming economic policy, has been a long running debate among. It is common thought today, in the general populous, that the burden of unemployment and inflation should fall on the government, and that the government should play an active role in combating such economic stresses. However, there are those who believe government intervention should be avoided. This controversy first became popularized over 50 years ago with the famous economist John Maynard Keynes, and the classical economists of his time, whose economic foundations lay in Alfred Marshall’s seminal work, the Principles of Economic. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the classical†¦show more content†¦Then in 1936 John Maynard Keynes wrote The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money, sharply criticizing classical economics. Interestingly enough Say’s Law is often known by the concept â€Å"that sup ply creates its own demand,† a formulation of Say’s Law interpreted by Keynes. Keynes strictly renounced this doctrine and was of the belief that business relied on expected demand to make their production decisions. He thought that the more that households expected to spend, the more business will expect to sell. Therefore, supply responds to demand, it does not create it. The Keynesian model looked towards the concept of equilibrium output, with stable prices and stable output, where total spending = total output, and total investment = total savings. Like the classical economists Keynes believed that a market economy would tend toward equilibrium, but he did not believe, as the classicals did, that the economy reached equilibrium with full employment. He believed that unemployment equilibrium could exist when the economy was at less than full employment. Keynes believed that the classical economists were to optimistic. Keynes believed that when households want to save more than buisnesses want to invest the level of production and employment in the economy will fall short. Another aspect in which Keynes disagreed about full employment was the classical economist’s views on flexible wages and prices. He thought that marketsShow MoreRelatedKeynes and the Classical Economists6500 Words   |  26 PagesKeynes and the Classical Economists: The Early Debate on Policy Activism LEAR N I NG OBJ ECTIVE S 1. Discuss why the classical economists believed that a market economy would automatically tend toward full employment. 2. Explain why Keynes rejected the views of the classical economists. 3. Compare the views of Keynes and the classical economists with regard to the proper role of government. s you discovered in Chapter 10, unemployment and inflation impose costs on our society. Today, many AmericansRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesHistorical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed., Rethinking the Cold War Eric Foner, ed., The New American History. Revised and ExpandedRead MoreEurope Economic Crisis55278 Words   |  222 Pagescomplemented by strategic investments and measures to shore up business and labour markets. The overall fiscal stimulus, including the effects of automatic stabilisers, amounts to 5% of GDP in the EU. According to the Commission s analysis, unless policies take up the new challenges, potential GDP in the EU could fall to a permanently lower trajectory, due to several factors. First, protracted spells of unemployment in the workforce tend to lead to a permanent loss of skills. Second, the stock of equipment

Lay Judges and Labor Courts

Question: A. Critically discuss the role of magistrates as lay people in the legal system and whether this role is best served by lay majistrates or professional judges hearing cases in magistrates' courts. B. In the Review of the criminal courts of England and Wales (2001) Lord Justice Auld described the jury as a "hallowed institution which, because of its ancient origin and involvement of 12 randomly selected lay people in the criminal process, commands much public confidence". In light of this statement, critically assess whether or not public confidence in the current jury system is currently misplaced. C. Critically discuss, by reference to case law, how English courts decide when it is necessary to refer a point of European Law to the Court of Justice of the European Union for a preliminary ruling under Article 267 of the Treaty on the functioning of the European Union. Answer: The Role of Magistrates as Lay People in the Legal System: Lay Magistrates are sometimes referred to as Justices of the Peace. Lay Magistrates are ordinary people having no legal qualifications and have the authority of making decisions in the Court of the Magistrate (Roberts et al. 2012). This concept was originated in the 12th century when the first office for the Justices of the Peace was appointed (Flory 2015). It has been recently noted that more than 29, 000 people are sitting as part time magistrates in the United Kingdom (Malsch 2016). Lay Magistrates have different role to play in the Court of Magistrates such as dealing with civil and criminal matter, participating in criminal hearings and hearing for appeals (Machura 2016). This section of the answer deals with the role of lay magistrates in a Magistrates Court. Criminal Cases: More than 90 percent of the cases that are heard in the court of a Magistrate are criminal. Almost all the criminal cases originate in a Magistrates Court and finish there. Only the most serious criminal offences are handed to the Crown Court for punishing the perpetrator for sentence until death or for full trial with the jury and the Judge (Ivkovic 2015). Magistrates deal with offences that are less serious in nature such as motor offences, petty theft and minute criminal damage (Reichel and Suzuki 2015). Where a defendant pleads not guilty, a trial is held where the Magistrates examine the evidence and then decide the matter on the facts and presented by the defence and the prosecution (Donoghue 2014). If lay Magistrates find any person guilty, or where a person pleads against the allegation, the lay Magistrates use a very structured decision making process and decide the case accordingly (Burgess, Corby and Latreille 2013). Civil Cases: Around three percentages of the cases that are heard in the Magistrates Court are civil. The types of civil cases that are held in the court of Magistrates are enforcing of debts and non-payment of licenses (Roberts et al. 2012). In the year 2012, more than one in every 10 criminal prosecutions was for enforcement of debt of BBC license fee. The number of prosecutions for evasion increased from 164,412 in the year 2010 to 181,000 in the year 2012 (Roberts et al. 2012). Youth Court: For hearing and deciding issues in the Youth Court special trained lay magistrates, above the age of 60 years are appointed. In criminal cases in which a juvenile is involved, the case is dealt with a higher court (Flory 2015). Offences involving juveniles requiring addressing the need of young offenders, young defendants should be accompanied by an adult who is responsible in nature. In such cases, presence of a lay Magistrate is necessary. Lay Magistrates have the responsibility to screen and assess the evidence and decide the case based on the facts and evidence that is presented before him (Malsch 2016). Appeals from the Refusal of a local authority to grant licenses: An appeal is to make a serious request that is typically to a magistrate in a magistrates Court. The local authority rejects grant of certain licenses and an appeal is made in the Court of Magistrate to reconsider the application of a license (Machura 2016). Lay Magistrates have the authority of understanding the reason of rejection of licenses and if in the opinion of the Magistrates the rejection of an application is justified then the appeal shall not be granted. However, if the Magistrate thinks that the application is justified and not opposed to any public policy then the appeal may be granted (Ivkovic 2015). Lay Magistrates v. Professional Judges: Lay Magistrates are normal people without any legal qualification, hired by the state to make decisions in the court of Magistrate. Whereas, professional judges are people who are experts in the field of law having a qualified legal degree and they are hired specifically for dealing with matters relating to legal issue in question (Reichel and Suzuki 2015). This section of the answer deals with the role of lay magistrates as against the role of professional judges, and whether the role of lay magistrates is justified or not. One of the advantages of using a lay magistrate over the professional judge is that they consider moral values and ethical issues into question rather than just taking into consideration the legal issues. Lay Magistrates have less likelihood of being influenced by state unlike the professional judges (Donoghue 2014). Since they have no legal qualification, they make choices and opinions having a moral background rather than law. To qualify as a lay magistrate, a person should either live or work in the local court in which they take decisions. This means that they have fair knowledge about the community for which and in which they make decisions. Additionally, the advantage of using lay magistrates is that they are cheaper and often cost less than professional judges cost (Burgess, Corby and Latreille 2013). Professional Judges are people who have legal qualifications hence; they are costly and expensive in nature. However, it is not advisable to refer a case to a lay magistrate espe cially when there is legal issue in question. Since lay magistrates are people who do not have legal qualification, they may not be able to decide a case efficiently where the issue in a given case relates only with legality in the law. In such cases, professional judges should be opted for (Flory 2015). Professional judges are people, who before coming Judges have been either a solicitor or a barrister for at least 5 years. Hence, it may be said that professional judges are more efficient and capable as they have better knowledge of the law and are able to base their decision on the true law rather than factual law. Lay Magistrates generally remain ignorant about the law and fail to see decide issues that are pertaining to legal issue (Malsch 2016). Conclusion: Conclusively, it may be stated that there are both advantages as well as disadvantages of using lay magistrates over professional judges. Opinions differ from person to person and the methods that is used to decide a case also differs. Ideally, in many cases people prefer using lay magistrates to professional judges as they speak in favour of the local people and community whereas professional judges make decisions that are based on law. B: The jury system was called the jewel of in the Crown or the corner stone of the British criminal justice system (Flory 2015). According to Auld, the jury is regarded as a hallowed institution that because of its ancient origin and involvement of 12 randomly selected lay people in the criminal process, commands much public confidence (Kim et al. 2013). The English and the Welsh Jury system is one of the most long established legal methods in the English legal system. However, recently, the jury system has come under much criticism and improvement (Saltzburg 2014). It has been argued in many reports that whether or not the system shall still exist as part of the legal system. This essay deals with how confidence is achieved through jurys involvement in the community to attain justice and the partnership that comes into existence between the Judge and the Jury (Rodriguez 2014). The history of the belief that a person has the right to a trial came into existence before the issuance of the Magna Carta in 1215 (Sklansky 2013). The Magna Carta was the document that stated the basic constitutional rights. In England a reference of the Jury type can be seen at Wantage by Aethelred in which 12 laymen were to decide a case and hold person either guilty or not guilty (Lempert 2015). However, the system gradually changed in the form of a formal jury trial. The establishment of the Human Rights Act, 1998, gave people a belief that they have the right to claim a jury trial. However, the Act did not give claim to such a right (Hoppe, Perrone and Nelson 2013). Despite the lack of a real constitution, it made the people belief that they can claim the jury trial as a right and that created confidence in the public for the jury system. Thus, at the time when the jury system came into existence, people had confidence in the system and they relied on the methods adopted by th e Jury system (Jimeno-Bulnes and Hans 2016). The legal system in England and Wales was a combination of judge and jury. The Judge would deal with law and the jury would make decision based on facts and evidences in the case. The Judge and the Jury followed a decision making process that was fair and reasonable (Hoppe, Perrone and Nelson 2013). The common people believed that not only the legal issue in question was decided appropriately but also the moral and ethical issues were addressed. This increased public confidence of the people in the system of Jury, thus making the Jury very popular (Jimeno-Bulnes and Hans 2016). Additionally, the jury system also became famous as the people thought that it was important to consider a dispute not only from the legal perspective but also from a perspective of a layman thoughts. This, according to the people, was the best system of deciding any dispute in question (Flory 2015). There is evidence to suggest that jury service was considered as part of the national individuality and that th e participation was considered as privileged. Lord Justice Auld was the firm believer of the jury system. The Home Office published a report and it suggested that more than 95 percent of jurors interviewed regarded the jury as a very essential part of the justice system. There was an optimistic influence on the connection between the jury and the judge (Kim et al. 2013). However, with the passage of time, the public confidence seemed to be misplaced the reason behind this is that the jury system lacked proper knowledge and qualification in the field of law and this often led to faulty judgement coming into existence (Saltzburg 2014). There were many reported cases in England in which the jury system failed to consider the issue of law in question and were influenced by politics and media (Rodriguez 2014). This resulted in jury bias. In the case of R. v. Abdroikov, Lord Woolf held that there are many biases that jurors have. The biases may be in relation to class, habits, occupation and characteristics. Article six of the European Convention of Human Rights needs the trial to be impartial and without any discrimination however, it becomes difficult to avoid bias in a group of 12 people especially if media bias the opinion (Sklansky 2013). Juries are often blamed for injustices or miscarriage of justice. It is a known fact that juries are responsible f or miscarriages of justice especially at a time when they give bad decision. In the R v. Clark and R v. Cannings, the Judge held that Juries are as good as the material presented before them (Lempert 2015). Despite the fact that only one percent of criminal case is concluded in the Crown Court of Trial, the jury system is mostly seen as a cornerstone of the criminal legal system. For many people it is a symbolic representation of the time honoured right to be tried by aristocrats, while at the same time encouraging citizenship and social accountability. However, reform in the trial judge should be made and guidelines can help in the reduction of any confusion in the jury process. It is therefore advisable that the system is revised and the existing ethnic or racial prejudice is eliminated (Hoppe, Perrone and Nelson 2013). The research of the MOJ have evidenced that juries are efficient and that they reach a more efficient verdict more than 98 percent of the total cases that are decided (Lempert 2015). Additionally, it must also be remembered that the verdict is an outcome of combination of jury and the judge. Therefore, it is wrong to conclude that the public confidence in the jury syst em is misplaced. References: Burgess, P.W., Corby, S. and Latreille, P.L., 2013. Lay judges and labor courts: a question of legitimacy. Donoghue, J.C., 2014. Reforming the role of magistrates: Implications for summary justice in England and Wales.The Modern Law Review,77(6), pp.928-963. 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